https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50334 Thu 20 Jul 2023 08:37:09 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38264 2) and long Electrolysis Time (ET = 60 min). Meanwhile, EO-NF process enabled to reduce COD content from 60 mg/L to nearly 5 mg/L. Furthermore, regardless of the effect of EO process, NF could retain most NH₃-N because of the excellent performance of NF for ions rejection, and its permeate concentration was below 0.5 mg/L. EO was able to reduce membrane fouling notably, increasing the final flux (15 L/(m²·h)) of NF by 25.1% during long-term operation (240 h). Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) showed that a porous layer formed on the vicinity of NF membrane in the case of filtrating EO effluent, in contrast to a uniform and dense biofouling layer generated during the direct NF. Besides, the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the number of bacterial colonies in the retentate of the EO-NF process were greater than those of the direct NF process. This resulted in a smaller amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) attaching to the membrane surface, decreasing the tightness and hardness of the fouling layer in the case of EO, as indicated by CLSM analysis. Overall, considering its ability to effectively eliminate persistent contaminants and reduce membrane fouling, BDD-based EO is considered a promising pre-treatment option for future NF applications.]]> Thu 19 Aug 2021 16:19:38 AEST ]]>